The obvious expectation that predators should be most abundant where their prey are most abundant may be obscured by a variety of mechanisms related to intrinsic and extrinsic constraints. Thus, the overall goal of this study was to explore the factors that influence the foraging behavior of seabirds, a group of highly visible pelagic marine predators, and that determine patterns of correspondence between the spatial distribution of seabirds and their prey. For instance, I examine the independent, and interacting, effects of physical oceanographic features and prey abundance on the distribution of foraging seabirds. I also investigate the spatial variation of seabirds and prey, and the correlations between the two at multiple spatial scales. Finally, I study the behavior of seabird prey relative to the distribution of their own food. Two points emerge from the collection of studies described. First, correlations between seabirds and prey were scale-dependent, being strong at large spatial scales (tens to hundreds of kilometers), and decreasing at smaller scales. Furthermore, prey variance was shown to be relatively low at small measurement scales where correlations between seabirds and prey were poor, suggesting a new hypothesis to explain poor small-scale correlations between consumers and resources: resource distribution is relatively uniform at small scales resulting in only a slight increase in foraging return for consumers showing an aggregative response at these scales. Second, the behavior of prey relative to predation risk and to the distribution of its own food may also influence the patterns of predator-prey distributions one observes. The expectation is that seabirds should aggregate where their prey are more abundant, often at their prey's own feeding areas. However, it was observed that fish may: 1) move out of profitable feeding areas as a result of attack by diving seabirds, or 2) swim in such a way as to spend less time in areas where their own food is relatively abundant. These behaviors could make it difficult for seabirds to locate and exploit dense aggregations of prey, and would also have implications for growth and survival of prey themselves.