One of the most important tasks of contemporary natural sciences is reliable prediction of the climate of the nearest future. Many of cores of Baikal sediments are obtained for paleoclimate reconstructions in the frame of different projects. Palynological investigations provide us with valuable information about paleoclimates. It is known vegetation most depends on climate. Moreover study of the last geological period of time, Holocene, gives us the opportunity to realise the way of vegetational and climatic changes. The results of palynological investigations of 8 cores from Lake Baikal sediments are presented in my dissertation. Besides palynology these sediments provided results on diatom algae analysis, biogenic silica and radiocarbon ages. The results of palynological, paleocarpological and radiocarbon analysis of 8 cores of peatbog sediments which are placed on Baikal Lake shore are also shown in the dissertation. The basis for interpretation of fossil SPS are 155 subrecent SPS obtained from 0.5-1 centimeter of upper layer of sediments of different genesis. The palynological results of subrecent SPS are pictured on ³TILIA² computer programme. Isopoll maps of many genera of plants and schememaps of modern climate gradients distribution are also pictured on ³TILIA² programme. The comparison of these two datasets allow to obtain information about climate conditions of plant existing.The results of palynological investigations of Holocene sediments of Prebaikalie provided some important conclusions:1) Six large-scale stages of development of climate and vegetation of Prebaikalie are picked out within last 15 thousand years. They have geochronological boundaries.2) Isolation and getting up of two main present day existing vegetation complexes, dark coniferous and light coniferous forests, occurred within middle-late Holocene.3) The period between 6,5-8 thousand years ago was Holocene optimum time when wet dark coniferous forests ³taiga² of ABIES SIBIRICA were widespread.